Don’t trust, verify

You're likely seeing this page because a recent transaction couldn't be fully displayed in an instantly understandable format: this situation is referred to as “blind signing”. This happens when the wallet or dApp you're using doesn't support Clear Signing for that specific interaction, meaning you're asked to approve something you can't fully verify.

This page was created to show you the safer alternatives available today. Ledger Wallet™ currently gives you access to over 15 popular service providers that fully support Clear Signing and Transaction Check. These advanced security features empower you to simply and securely know exactly what you're approving and avoid costly mistakes. In addition to the Ledger Wallet app, a growing number of dApps also offer direct integrations of this technology for users of Ledger’s certified secure signers, so you can protect your assets by Clear Signing transactions directly via their interface.

The bottom line: you deserve to see and understand exactly what you sign. And Ledger helps you do just that, via Ledger Wallet's integrated apps and directly in many popular dApps, simply and securely. This smart layer of protection is available to all Ledger ecosystem users at no extra cost.

Clear Signing is a security solution spearheaded by Ledger and supported by the Clear Signing Alliance. It translates complex smart contract data into instantly understandable transaction details, so you can verify exactly what you're approving before you confirm.

Instead of a string of seemingly random characters (referred to as a “hash”), Clear Signing technology shows you the actual intent of the transaction, including the recipient, the amount, the type of approval, and which dApp is requesting it, in simple language anyone can understand, directly on your Ledger signer's secure screen.

Unlike phones and PCs, Ledger signers’ secure screens have been battle-tested by the Donjon’s world renowned White Hat Hackers and certified CC EAL6+ a well as by ANSSI to ensure the information on the display is reliable. For the EVM ecosystem, Clear Signing is formally defined as the ERC-7730 open-source standard. It's built on a simple principle:

What you see is what you sign. No hidden approvals. No blank checks. Full transparency on a tamper-proof display.

Learn more in this comprehensive guide to Clear Signing.

Blind signing means approving a transaction you can't fully read or instantly understand. Most wallet interfaces aren't capable of translating complex smart contract data into a simple language format. Users are therefore asked to approve decisions without full knowledge of what they are signing, much like a blank check. Whoever holds the blank check can decide the amount, recipient, and date of the transfer of your funds.

This is a serious vulnerability. Scammers routinely exploit blind signing by hiding malicious contracts behind unclear transaction data. Billions of dollars have been siphoned from unsuspecting users this way.

The risk increases when you use software wallets on internet-connected devices, where displays can be altered through "man-in-the-middle" attacks. In this context, you can never be 100% sure that what you see on your computer or phone screen is what you're actually signing.

Ledger signers are different. The ANSSI and CC EAL6+ certified Secure Screen is driven directly by the offline Secure Element — which is proven to be immune to tampering. Combined with Ledger’s Clear Signing technology, it ensures the transaction details you verify before approving are indeed accurate.

Yes — Clear Signing is completely free for all Ledger users, across all Ledger Wallet platforms.

Clear Signing is an open-source security initiative built on the ERC-7730 standard. Whether you're transacting through the Ledger Wallet app, connecting via WalletConnect, or using direct dApp connectivity, Clear Signing comes at no cost to you.

For consumers and retail customers, it's free to use, free to implement, and open to contributions from the entire community. Any dApp can create its Clear Signing JSON file, and any wallet can support the standard — permissionlessly and at no charge. Ledger Enterprise also builds stand-alone products on top of this Clear Signing protocol that are monetized separately for professional clients’ specific needs.

Integrated apps are popular third-party services — including DeFi protocols, exchanges, staking platforms, and more — built directly into the Ledger Wallet user experience.

Because these providers are integrated at the application level, their smart contract interactions are automatically translated into instantly understandable information that you can clearly read at a glance on your Ledger signer's Secure Screen. In addition to the Clear Signing functionality, Ledger touchscreen signers also give users automated Transaction Check service that flags suspicious proposals before you approve them, helping you protect what’s yours.

More than 15 service providers already support this technology across a range of crypto activities:

• Swap

• Stake

• Buy

• Sell

Think of it as a curated, security-first app store for your crypto — where every transaction is transparent and every service provider is carefully selected.

*Crypto transaction services are provided by third-party providers. Ledger provides no advice or recommendations on use of these third-party services.

Yes, absolutely. You can continue using third-party wallet extensions like MetaMask or Rabby with your Ledger hardware device. Your private keys remain securely offline and protected by your Ledger signer regardless of which wallet interface you use.

However, the availability of Clear Signing, this advanced security feature pioneered by Ledger, depends on two factors: the third-party wallet's support for the ERC-7730 standard; and whether the specific dApp you're interacting with has implemented it for the transaction you would like to Clear Sign. Both the wallet and the dApp need to support Clear Signing for the details to be fully displayed on your Ledger signer's Secure Screen. If either side doesn't support this advanced technology, you will be asked to “blind sign”.

For the most secure experience, we recommend using the integrated apps available in Ledger Wallet, where Clear Signing is supported by default for all available service providers. You can also benefit from Clear Signing when dApps offer direct connectivity — without intermediaries or wallet extensions.

Your assets, your choice. We give you absolute freedom and the tools to make informed decisions.

Clear Signing was spearheaded by Ledger in 2023 as an open-source security initiative and has grown into a cross-industry effort to protect crypto enthusiasts and make the space more user friendly.

In 2024, Ledger helped launch the Clear Signing Initiative to drive adoption across the entire crypto ecosystem. This security standard was reinforced by multiple teams including Ledger, WalletConnect, Sourcify, and Fireblocks. 

This led to the formation of the Clear Signing Alliance, backed by organisations such as the Ethereum Foundation to establish shared standards and encourage widespread adoption of instantly understandable transactions and the end to “blind signing”. For Ledger, it’s essential that users can confidently make informed decisions. That’s why we encourage you to use Clear Signing every time. 

Clear Signing is not proprietary. It's an open-source, permissionless standard — built by the community, for the community. Anyone can contribute, and any wallet or dApp can implement it for free.

They work together but serve different purposes.

Clear Signing translates complex smart contract data (hashes) into simple, instantly understandable information — the recipient, the amount, the type of action, and which dApp is involved — so you know what you are approving before you sign.

Transaction Check is an added layer of security. It proactively analyses your transactions for potential threats — such as interactions with flagged addresses, suspicious contracts, or unusual patterns — and alerts you before you sign, helping you make informed decisions and avoid costly mistakes.

Think of it this way: Clear Signing lets you read the contract details with confidence. Transaction Check warns you if something looks wrong so you can choose to reject it. Together, they form a comprehensive safety net — and both are available via Ledger Wallet's integrated apps.